The first edition was published in 1950. Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development outlined the eight stages Erik Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development Explained an individual who is healthy goes through. Each stage is marked by a problem that develops or destroys the individual’s character. The theory is based on Freud’s psychosexual phases,and also includes social influences. It has been criticized for its generalizations,yet it continues to play an important component of the psychological process of thinking. It has also been useful in reframing how we see middle and late adulthood as times of personal development,rather than the time to live through.
The infant stage is the first that lasts about 18 months. During this stage infancy,infants are completely dependent on their caregivers. The child learns to trust their caregivers through being able to observe how they respond to their needs,including comforting and feeding. The treatment they receive at this phase has lasting implications for their sense of security and self.
The stage of toddlerhood is Erikson’s third stage of psychosocial development and is a period of time that spans from 18 months to 2 years. The child is developing their independence during this phase,and the success or failure of this process has a major impact on the development of their personality and growth. Children who are unable to overcome the feelings of shame and doubt will have to struggle with these issues throughout their lives. If children are able to get through this stage successfully and develop a deep bond,they will be able to form meaningful relationships in later life.
The third stage of preschool is in Erikson’s theory. It occurs between the ages of three and five years. Children of this age are developing their ability to relate to other people as well as having a strong sense of self-belief. This is a time where parents and teachers should focus on fostering positive and encouraging interactions with their children. Positive interactions aid in foster independence in the child,while providing guidance and support for their efforts. Negative behaviors,like criticism or indifference,can damage a child’s confidence and self-esteem.
The elementary school is the fourth step of Erikson’s theories and can be found between six and twelve years of age. This is the stage when a child starts to feel pressured by being accepted by other people such as their peers and teachers. It is also that a child starts to develop their sense of industry and their capacity to set goals and accomplishments. Teachers who praise and encourage their pupils will help them develop a sense of competence and confidence,and they will not feel the need to measure their skills against other students.
In the middle of adulthood most people are focused on their work and family lives However,it is the time when many are beginning to contemplate their death. Some people may feel regret over things they’ve accomplished or didn’t do. If a person can manage to conquer the obstacles at this point,they are likely to have a prosperous and satisfying retirement. If they do not resolve these issues they could experience the onset of a midlife crisis that can result in grave mental health issues.